Abstract: At present, work performance of the high frequency deep space TT&C system is badly affected by the random change of phase error arose by troposphere atmospheric turbulence. For the purpose of quantifying turbulence intensity, based on the very short baseline CEI receiving GEO satellite signal, the standard deviation of interferometer phase are statisticed, using classical Kolmogorov-Obukhov "2/3" turbulence theory and random field theory, and a method of atmospheric turbulence parameter is proposed to obtain atmospheric refractive index structure constant which can symbolize turbulence intensity. The phase observation experimentations were carried through in Zhengzhou and Hangzhou for a few sunshine days and rainy days, and the atmospheric refractive index structure constants were computed by experimentation data, and compared with the results of experience model using radiosonde data. The results show that C_n² are much larger at noon than in morning and evening on sunshine days, and have no distinct law on rainy days, and are changed between 10^-15 and 10^-13, which is consistent with the results calculated by experience model to validate the rationality and accuracy of this method.