Abstract: The release of active metal vapor, such as samarium (Sm), in the ionosphere, can generate artificial space plasma cloud by optical or chemical ionization, which can be used as a scatterer to carry out over-the-horizon communication and detection research. In this paper, a refined effects simulation model of Sm release by rocket is carried out, taking into account the effects of the thermospheric wind field, the geomagnetic field, the Sm injection velocity and flux, the rocket velocity on the Sm diffusion process in the ionosphere. Meanwhile, ray tracing method is used to study the radio wave propagation characteristics of the space plasma cloud. The results indicate that the release parameters and environmental parameters have a significant impact on the morphology and evolution process of artificial space plasma cloud, and the plasma cloud has different morphologies in different profiles, with obvious stretching along the direction of the geomagnetic field and the direction of the wind field, which further affects the propagation effect of the plasma cloud, leading to differences in propagation characteristics of the radio wave in different profiles of the plasma cloud. further affecting the radio propagation effect of artificial space plasma clouds.