一维液晶全息编码相控阵天线设计与实现

修威; 韩运皓; 庞晨; 李永祯; 王雪松; 田海燕; 吴迪

doi:10.12265/j.cjors.2021162

一维液晶全息编码相控阵天线设计与实现

doi: 10.12265/j.cjors.2021162

修威^{1, 3, ,},
韩运皓³,
庞晨¹,
李永祯¹,
王雪松²,
田海燕³,
吴迪³

1.
国防科技大学电子信息系统复杂电磁环境效应国家重点实验室，长沙 410073
2.
国防科技大学电子科学学院，长沙 410073
3.
北京华镁钛科技有限公司，北京 100085

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金重大项目(No.61490690,61490694,61490692)；国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(No.61701512)；国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.61971429)

详细信息

作者简介:
修威：(1972—)，男，吉林人，国防科技大学电子科学学院信息与通信系统专业博士研究生，主要研究方向为阵列天线技术、空间信号获取和极化信息处理

韩运皓：(1990—)，男，山东人，北京华镁钛科技有限公司，工程师，主要研究方向为阵列天线技术、电磁场理论

庞晨：(1986—)，男，湖北人，国防科技大学电子科学学院讲师，主要研究方向为相控阵雷达极化信息精确获取、极化抗干扰、极化特征提取与识别

李永祯：(1977—)，男，内蒙古人，国防科技大学电子科学学院研究员，主要研究方向为雷达极化信息处理、空间电子对抗、目标检测与识别

王雪松：(1972—)，男，内蒙古人，国防科技大学电子科学学院教授，博士，研究方向为雷达目标识别、雷达电子战建模评估与仿真

田海燕：(1987—)，男，河南人，北京华镁钛科技有限公司技术总监，博士，研究方向为阵列天线技术、毫米波雷达目标识别

吴迪：(1982—)，男，河北人，北京华镁钛科技有限公司，高级工程师，研究方向为阵列天线技术

通讯作者:
修威 E-mail: woodwall@139.com

中图分类号: TN821⁺.8
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-14
- 网络出版日期: 2021-09-13

Design and implementation of one-dimensional liquid crystal holographic coding phased array antenna

1.
CEMEE, Nation University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
2.
College of Electronics Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073
3.
Beijing Huameta Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100085, China

摘要

摘要: 针对小型极化相控阵雷达精确信号目标探测应用背景，为降低传统T/R相控阵天馈系统设计及调试复杂度，满足低功耗、低损耗、低成本制造、轻薄等应用需求，提出了一种液晶全息编码相控阵天线. 主体采用小型化全息辐射单元、慢波结构、平行板波导馈电系统构成的一维全息电控扫描相控阵天线. 利用成熟液晶面板制造工艺，通过控制全息辐射单元下方液晶分子的偏转状态调节天线谐振频点，组成全息编码相控阵天线. 天线结构通过仿真优化确定，并在实物加工和测量基础上通过全息优化算法及电压灰度控制降低由耦合作用引入的副瓣性能恶化度，用梯度递减的搜索算法结合适当的目标函数优化算法实现方向图的最优控制. 实测结果表明，该天线的波束扫描角度达到±49°，经过算法优化后，波束指向角准确度改善3°，旁瓣抑制电平改善1.7 dB.
- 液晶超材料 /
- 平行板波导 /
- 慢波结构 /
- 全息编码 /
- 相控阵天线
Abstract: Face to the precise signal guidance application of small fully polarimetric phased array radar, in order to reduce the design and debugging complexity of traditional T/R phased array antenna and feed system, and meet the needs of low power consumption, low insert loss, low cost manufacture, low profit phased array antenna, a liquid crystal holographic coding phased array antenna is proposed. One-dimensional holographic electronically controlled scanning phased array antenna is composed of miniaturized holographic radiation unit, slow wave structure and parallel plate waveguide feeding system. Making use of mature LCD panel manufacturing process, a holographic coding phased array antenna is constructed by controlling the deflection state of the liquid crystal molecules under the holographic radiation unit to adjust the resonant frequency of the antenna. Deterioration of sidelobe performance caused by coupling effect is reduced by holographic optimization algorithm and voltage grade control based on a real object processed and tested, and the optimal control of antenna pattern is achieved by the gradient decreasing search algorithm and the optimization algorithm of the appropriate objective function. The measured results indicate that the beam scanning angle of the antenna reaches ±49°, and after optimized algorithm, the beam pointing angle accuracy reaches 3°, the sidelobe suppression level reaches 1.7 dB.
- liquid crystal metamaterials /
- parallel plate waveguide /
- slow wave structure /
- holographic coding /
- phased array antenna

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图 1 天线单元结构

Fig. 1 Structure of antenna unit

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图 2 天线开关状态下的S参数曲线

Fig. 2 S parameters of antenna in different states

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图 3 天线开关状态下12.5 GHz辐射增益曲线

Fig. 3 Gain of antenna in “on/off” states at 12.5 GHz

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图 4 平行板波导馈电慢波结构图

Fig. 4 Structure of parallel plate waveguide fed slow wave

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图 5 矩形波导栅的S参数

Fig. 5 S-parameters of rectangular waveguide grating

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图 6 矩形波导栅的场图

Fig. 6 Field of rectangular waveguide grid

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图 7 一维扫描阵列天线结构

Fig. 7 Structure one-dimensional scanning array antenna

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图 8 液晶天线全息方向图综合控制流程图

Fig. 8 Control flowchart of holographic pattern of liquid crystal antenna

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图 9 不同波束指向时天线仿真S₁₁曲线

Fig. 9 Simulation S11 with different beam pointings

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图 10 一维阵列天线远场辐射方向图

Fig. 10 Far-field radiation pattern of one-dimensional array antenna

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图 11 样机实物图

Fig. 11 Structure of the prototype

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图 12 不同波束指向时天线实测S₁₁曲线

Fig. 12 Measured S11 of antenna with different beam directions

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图 13 归一化天线实测方向图

Fig. 13 Normalized antenna measured pattern

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图 14 不同算法下测试方向图

Fig. 14 Test pattern under with different algorithms

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图 15 实测各缝隙电平值

Fig. 15 Measured level value of each slot

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图 16 电压优化前后测试方向图对比

Fig. 16 Comparison of test patterns before and after voltage optimization

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表 1 不同波束指向时各天线单元的激活状态

Tab. 1 Status of each antenna unit under different beam directions

波束指向/(°)	$ {x_1} $,$ {x_2} $,$ {x_3} $………………………$ {x_{23}} $,$ {x_{24}} $,$ {x_{25}} $
50	1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0
30	1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0
0	1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1
−30	1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0
−50	1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1

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表 2 天线实测仿真对比

Tab. 2 Comparison of measured and simulated antenna

预设波束指向/(°)	指向角/(°)		波束宽度/(°)		旁瓣抑制/dB
预设波束指向/(°)	仿真	测试	仿真	测试	仿真	测试
−50	−49	−46	15	20	−8.6	−2.9
−30	−32	−26	13	16	−7.2	−2.9
0	−2	+3	10	10	−7.6	−3.5
+30	+29	+25	13	11	−6.1	−3.7
+50	+49	+46	14	13	−5.1	−3.9

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