Analysis of the application of electromagnetic wave while drilling in the identification of minerals
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摘要: 相比泥浆脉冲传输而言，随钻电磁波传输方式具有不依赖钻井泥浆介质循环、信息传输快等优点，此外，电磁波对于地层电阻率反映灵敏度高，便于及时发现矿产目的层. 正是基于上述特点，近年来随钻电磁波传输系统越来越广泛地应用于石油、天然气和煤层气（煤矿）等矿产资源的开发. 文中采用不同于以往的随钻电磁波传输分析方法，即根据电磁波在地层中传播规律和极低频（extremely low frequency, ELF）电磁波的近场辐射特性，采用等效电路法对随钻电磁波在地层信道中的传输进行分析. 此外，根据等效电路分析结果，利用地面接收电磁波信号幅度包络瞬时变化率大小来作为判断地层电阻率特性的条件. 山西沁水煤层探测案例实际结果验证了提出的方法在煤炭等矿产资源探测方面具有明显时效性，进一步证明了随钻电磁波信息传输系统可以同时兼作一种有效的实时测井系统.Abstract: Compared with mud pulse transmission, electromagnetic wave transmission while drilling has the advantages of not relying on drilling mud medium circulation and fast information transmission. In addition, electromagnetic wave transmission is sensitive to formation resistivity, which is convenient for timely discovery of mineral target layer. Based on the above characteristics, the electromagnetic wave transmission system while drilling has been more and more widely used in the exploitation of oil, natural gas and coal-bed methane (coal mine) in recent years. In this paper, the transmission of electromagnetic wave while drilling in the formation channel is analyzed by equivalent circuit method according to the propagation law of electromagnetic wave in the formation and the near-field radiation characteristics of extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic wave which is different from the previous methods. In addition, according to the results of equivalent circuit analysis, the magnitude of the instantaneous change rate of the envelope of the electromagnetic wave signal amplitude received on the ground is used as the condition to judge the resistivity characteristics of the formation. The practical results of Qinshui coal seam exploration in Shanxi Province demonstrate that the method proposed in this paper has obvious timeliness in the exploration of coal and other mineral resources, and further proves that the electromagnetic wave information transmission system while drilling can also be used as an effective real-time logging system.
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图 3 随钻电磁波在地层中传输的模型图
Fig. 3 Model diagram of electromagetic ware propagation while drilling through the formation
图 4 随钻电磁波在地层中传输等效电路模型图
Fig. 4 Equivalent circuit model diagram of electromagetic wave propagation through the formation
图 5 煤矿（煤层气）随钻钻井状态1
Fig. 5 Coal mine (or coalbed methane) drilling while drilling state 1
图 6 煤矿（煤层气）随钻钻井状态2
Fig. 6 Coal mine (or coalbed methane) drilling while drilling state 2
图 7 煤矿（煤层气）随钻钻井状态3示意图
Fig. 7 Coal mine (or coalbed methane) drilling while drilling state 3
图 9 现场地面接收电磁波信号幅值包络图
Fig. 9 Electromagnetic ware signal amplitude envelope diagram received on the ground
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