Design principles of reconfigurable power dividers from S to millimeter waveband
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摘要: 为满足毫米波可重构通信系统需要，文中设计了毫米波可重构威尔金森功分器. 首先在S波段设计了基于PIN二极管的可重构功分器电路和原型；然后在此基础上把原理外推到K/Ka频段，通过参数提取方法重点研究PIN二极管寄生参数的影响及其最佳匹配方式；最后设计了K/Ka频段的可重构功分器原型，并进行了仿真和测试. 实测结果表明，K/Ka频段可重构功分器在工作带宽内，双路导通模式下端口1到传输端口（端口2和端口3）的插入损耗小于4.92 dB，传输端口之间的隔离度大于15.8 dB；单路导通模式下插入损耗小于1.65 dB，端口1和隔离端口之间的隔离度大于22.4 dB，实测结果与仿真结果基本一致. 使用场路联合仿真的方法基于PIN二极管设计可重构功分器，在K/Ka频段考虑寄生参数的影响，设计的可重构功分器模型准确、结构简单，适合可重构系统应用.Abstract: To satisfy the requirements for millimeter-wave reconfigurable communication systems, we designed a millimeter-wave reconfigurable Wilkinson power divider. At first, we designed an S band reconfigurable Wilkinson power divider based on PIN diode, and then the design principle was used in K/Ka band. We studied the effects of the parasitic parameters of PIN diode and the best matching method with parameter extracting, and designed a K/Ka band reconfigurable power divider. We conducted simulation and measurement, and the measurement results show that in the working band, in two-way mode the insertion loss from port 1 to transmission ports (port 2 and port 3) is below 4.92 dB and the isolation between two transmission ports is above 15.8 dB; in one-way mode the insertion loss is below 1.65 dB and the isolation between port 1 and the isolation port is above 22.4 dB. The measurement and simulation results generally agree with each other. Considering the effects of the parasitic parameters of PIN diode, and using EM/circuit co-simulation, we designed a reconfigurable power divider based on PIN diode in K/ Ka band with is accurate, simple and suitable for applications in reconfigurable systems.
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Key words:
- reconfigurability /
- power divider /
- PIN diode /
- switch /
- impedance transformer /
- millimeter wave
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图 1 可重构威尔金森功分器的电路原理图
Fig. 1 Circuit configuration of the reconfigurable Wilkinson power divider
图 3 S波段可重构威尔金森功分器的测量结果
Fig. 3 Measured results of the S band reconfigurable Wilkinson power divider
图 8 毫米波网络匹配式开关仿真结果
Fig. 8 Simulated results of the millimeter-wave switch with matching network
图 10 Z0=50 Ω，ZL=25 Ω/50 Ω毫米波可重构阻抗变换器仿真结果
Fig. 10 Simulated results of the millimeter-wave reconfigurable impedance transformer for Z0=50 Ω, ZL=25 Ω/50 Ω
图 12 毫米波可重构威尔金森功分器在两路工作模式下的仿真和测量结果
Fig. 12 Simulated and measured results of the millimeter-wave reconfigurable Wilkinson power divider working in two-way mode
图 13 毫米波可重构威尔金森功分器在单路工作模式下端口2传输的仿真和测量结果
Fig. 13 Simulated and measured results of the millimeter-wave reconfigurable Wilkinson power divider with port 2 transmitting
图 14 毫米波可重构威尔金森功分器在单路工作模式下端口3传输的仿真和测量结果
Fig. 14 Simulated and measured results of the millimeter-wave reconfigurable Wilkinson power divider with port 3 transmitting
表 1 可重构功分器的工作模式
Tab. 1 Operation modes of the reconfigurable power divider
工作模式 开关状态 阻抗变换器状态 开关1 开关2 开关3 开关4 双路导通 导通 导通 导通 导通 25 Ω至50 Ω匹配 端口2导通 导通 断开 断开 - 50 Ω至50 Ω匹配 端口3导通 断开 导通 - 断开 50 Ω至50 Ω匹配 
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表 2 毫米波网络匹配式开关的尺寸参数
Tab. 2 Size parameters of the millimeter-wave switch with matching network
参数 l1 l2 lf lg 取值/mm 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.0
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表 3 毫米波可重构阻抗变换器的尺寸参数
Tab. 3 Size parameters of the millimeter-wave reconfigurable impedance transformer
参数 l3 l4 l5 l6 ls1 ls2 取值/mm 1.00 1.50 0.20 0.64 0.75 1.10
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表 4 与其他可重构功分器的比较
Tab. 4 Comparison with other reconfigurable power dividers
文献 中心频
点/ GHz可重构方式 功能 隔离度/ dB 插入损耗/ dB 寄生参数 是否可以
做合路器尺寸 [11] 2.37 滤波开关 单路传输、
四路等功分传输>35 单路：0.93
四路：<1.00- 否 0.52 λg×0.20 λg×0.51 λg [12] 2.50 滤波开关 单路传输、
四路等功分传输>32 单路：1.75
四路：<1.60考虑 否 0.56 λg×0.67 λg [14] 5.00 开关 单路传输、双路等功分传输 >17 单路、双路：<1.35 考虑 否 - [15] 5.00 开关、可重构阻抗变换器 单路传输、双路等功分传输、三路等功分传输 >28.2 单路：<1.13双路：<0.93
三路：<0.74考虑 是 - [17] 12.00 可调移相器 单路传输、双路等功分传输、双路6:1传输 >17 - 考虑 是 - 本文 26.50 开关、可重构阻抗变换器 单路传输、双路等功分传输 >28.9 单路：<1.60
双路：<1.70考虑 是 8.47 λg×6.99 λg
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