Optimization design of coil array for cooperative magnetic induction communication
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摘要: 磁感应通信是一种新兴的水下无线通信技术，但传统方式的磁感应通信系统路径损耗高、传输距离有限. 本文针对空心圆环线圈的点对点式与协作式的磁感应通信模型进行了理论分析，并提出了协作式通信模型中线圈摆放角度的优化设计方法以最大程度地提高通信距离，同时针对实际水下应用环境提出一种校正机制以动态消除水流影响. 研究结果表明：对于一般协作式，当间隔角度
$\left| \theta \right| \geqslant {38.53 {\text{°}} }$ 时，发射线圈T2对接收线圈R1磁通量的增加低于20%；改进T2、R1的摆放角度可以提高接收机处磁通量相对增长率，最大可比一般协作式分别高出20.30%、12.66%，且改进T2摆放角度的方法对提高整体通信能力更有效；当接收机最小灵敏度为0.1 nT时，在相同发射功率下，改进T2摆放角度的协作式磁感应通信（线圈间隔100 m）的传输距离比点对点式高出9.96%.Abstract: Magnetic induction communication is an emerging underwater wireless communication technology, but the traditional magnetic induction communication system has high path loss and limited transmission distance. In this paper, the point-to-point and cooperative magnetic induction communication models of the coreless circular coil are analyzed theoretically, and the optimal design methods of the coil placement angle in the cooperative communication model is proposed, so as to maximize the communication distance. At the same time, a correction mechanism is proposed to dynamically eliminate the influence of water flow under the actual underwater application environment. The research results show that for the general cooperative mode, when the interval angle is greater than 38.53°, the increase of magnetic flux of transmitting coil T2 to receiving coil R1 is less than 20%; the relative growth rate of magnetic flux at the receiver can be increased by changing the placement angle of T2 and R1, and can be increased by 20.3% and 12.66% respectively compared with the general cooperative mode at most, and the method of changing the placement angle of T2 is more effective to improve the whole communication ability; when the minimum sensitivity of the receiver is 0.1 nT, the transmission distance of the cooperative magnetic induction communication with changing the placement angle of T2 (coil spacing is 100 m) can be increased by 9.96% compared with the point-to-point mode under the same transmitting power. -
图 2 发射功率与通信距离的归一化关系
Fig. 2 Normalized relationship between transmission power and communication distance
图 4
${\boldsymbol{\theta}} $ 与磁通量${{\boldsymbol{\varPhi}} _{\boldsymbol{T_{\rm{2}}}}}$ 的归一化关系Fig. 4 Normalized relationship between
${\boldsymbol{\theta}} $ and magnetic flux${{\boldsymbol{\varPhi}} _{\boldsymbol{T_{\rm{2}}}}}$ 
图 5 改进T2摆放角度的多线圈协作式磁感应通信
Fig. 5 Multi-coil cooperative magnetic induction communication with improved placement angle of coil T2
图 6 穿过接收线圈总磁通量最大时
${\boldsymbol{\alpha}} $ 与${\boldsymbol{\theta}} $ 的关系Fig. 6 The relationship between
${\boldsymbol{\alpha}} $ and${\boldsymbol{\theta}} $ when the total magnetic flux through the receiving coil is maximum
图 7 改进R1摆放角度的多线圈协作式磁感应通信
Fig. 7 Multi-coil cooperative magnetic induction communication with improved placement angle of coil R1
图 8 穿过接收线圈总磁通量最大时
${\boldsymbol{\gamma}} $ 与${\boldsymbol{\theta }}$ 的关系Fig. 8 The relationship between
${\boldsymbol{\gamma}}$ and${\boldsymbol{\theta}} $ when the total magnetic flux through the receiving coil is maximum
图 9
${\boldsymbol{\theta}} $ 与磁通量相对增长率R的关系Fig. 9 The relationship between
${\boldsymbol{\theta}} $ and the relative growth rate R of magnetic flux
图 10 相同发射功率下传输距离与接收线圈法向上磁感应强度大小的关系
Fig. 10 The relationship between transmission distance and normal magnetic induction intensity of receiving coil under the same transmitting power
图 11 协作式磁感应通信实验平台
Fig. 11 Experimental platform for cooperative magnetic induction communication
图 12 系统信号发生器和接收信号观察设备
Fig. 12 System signal generator and the receiving signal observation equipment
表 1 改进T2摆放角度的协作式测试结果
Tab. 1 Test results of cooperative magnetic induction with improved placement angle of coil T2
通信距离/cm 式(15)计算的
摆放角度/(°)实验测量中的
实际摆放角度/(°)误差/% 10 −40.6 −42 3.45 20 −71.6 −72 0.56 30 86.8 87 0.23 40 71.6 72 0.56 50 60.5 62 2.48 60 52.1 53 1.73 70 45.7 47 2.84 80 40.6 42 3.45 90 36.5 36.5 0 100 33.1 34 2.72 
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表 2 改进R1摆放角度的协作式测试结果
Tab. 2 Test results of cooperative magnetic induction with improved placement angle of coil R1
通信距离/cm 式(23)计算的
摆放角度/(°)实验测量中的
实际摆放角度/(°)误差/% 10 0.3 0 - 20 3.1 0 - 30 8.8 9 2.27 40 13.7 14 2.19 50 16.2 17 4.94 60 16.9 17 0.59 70 16.7 16.2 2.99 80 16.0 16 0 90 15.1 16 5.96 100 14.2 14 1.41
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