基于多通道U-Net的室内电磁波传播路径损耗预测方法

      Multi-channel U-Net Based Prediction Method for Indoor Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Path Loss

      • 摘要: 精准高效的室内电磁波传播预测是无线通信系统规划与优化的关键基础。传统的方法在高频段因电磁波传播特性复杂,计算复杂度剧增,难以满足实时性需求;而现有深度学习模型在高频段适配性与预测精度上也存在一定的局限性。本文提出一种多通道U-Net 深度学习模型(mU-Net),将天线方向特性、反射通道贡献、透射通道贡献及自由空间路径损耗分别建模为四个独立特征通道,通过多通道输入 U-Net 网络捕捉不同传播机制的差异化影响,其非对称编码器 - 解码器结构进一步融合多源特征,解析复杂结构散射与绕射细节,从而输出高分辨率路径损耗预测图。该方法能深度融合高频段特征信息,解决了现有方法实时性差,精度不足的问题。最后,通过三种场景下的路径损耗预测结果显示所提出的mU-Net模型在精度、结构相似性及预测效率等关键指标上均显著优于现有的典型预测方法,在高频段场景下性能提升尤为明显,为高频段室内电磁波传播预测提供了兼具高精度与高效率的解决方案。

         

        Abstract: Accurate and efficient indoor electromagnetic wave propagation prediction is a fundamental basis for the planning and optimization of wireless communication systems. Traditional methods suffer from significantly increased computational complexity at high frequency bands due to the complex propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves, making it difficult to meet real-time requirements. Meanwhile, existing deep learning models also face certain limitations in adaptability and prediction accuracy for high frequency bands.This paper proposes a multi-channel U-Net deep learning model (mU-Net), which models antenna directional characteristics, reflective channel contributions, transmissive channel contributions, and free-space path loss as four independent feature channels. By feeding these into a multi-channel U-Net, the network captures the differentiated impacts of various propagation mechanisms. Its asymmetric encoder-decoder structure further integrates multi-source features and resolves complex structural scattering and diffraction details, ultimately producing high-resolution path loss prediction maps.The proposed method deeply fuses high-frequency feature information, overcoming the low real-time performance and insufficient accuracy of existing methods. Finally, path loss prediction results from three different scenarios demonstrate that the proposed mU-Net significantly outperforms typical existing prediction methods in key metrics such as accuracy, structural similarity, and prediction efficiency, with particularly notable performance gains in high-frequency scenarios. This provides a high-accuracy, high-efficiency solution for indoor electromagnetic wave propagation prediction in high-frequency bands.

         

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