移动平台快拍非平稳条件下鲁棒波束形成方法

      Robust beamforming under snapshot nonstationarity for mobile platforms

      • 摘要: 针对移动平台条件下阵列快拍非平稳导致训练协方差失效、目标信号泄漏增强并引起波束形成性能下降的问题,提出一种鲁棒波束形成方法。首先,建立移动平台快拍级阵列接收信号模型,分析平台姿态变化对阵列流形一致性及样本协方差估计的影响;其次,利用姿态测量信息对训练快拍进行运动补偿,以减弱跨快拍阵列流形不一致;然后,根据参考导向矢量构造目标阻塞矩阵,将补偿后训练数据投影至与期望信号正交的子空间,以抑制目标泄漏;进一步,引入收缩协方差估计,以减小有限快拍条件下的统计波动;最后,基于最小方差无失真响应准则求解波束形成权矢量。仿真结果表明,在静态平台、小幅偏航抖动、偏航抖动伴随局部散射以及漂移与惯性测量单元(inertial measurement unit, IMU)误差及阵列校准误差等场景下,所提方法在输入信噪比、训练快拍数和运动强度变化条件下均取得了优于 Raw SMI、Raw Shrink、MC-SMI、MC-Shrink 及两类协方差重构方法的输出信干噪比性能,并表现出更稳定的主瓣保持能力和更强的干扰抑制能力。结果表明,所提方法能够有效缓解移动平台快拍非平稳、目标泄漏和小样本误差对训练协方差估计的共同影响,从而提升移动平台场景下的鲁棒波束形成性能。

         

        Abstract: Robust beamforming on mobile platforms is challenging because platform attitude variation causes snapshot nonstationarity of the array manifold, which makes the conventional sample covariance matrix inaccurate and aggravates desired-signal leakage. To address this problem, a robust beamforming method under snapshot nonstationarity for mobile platforms is proposed. First, a snapshot-level signal model is established, and motion compensation is performed by using attitude measurements to reduce cross-snapshot manifold inconsistency. Then, a target blocking matrix is constructed from the reference steering vector, and the compensated training data are projected onto the subspace orthogonal to the desired signal to suppress desired-signal leakage. After that, a shrinkage covariance estimator is adopted to improve the robustness of covariance estimation under limited snapshots. Finally, the beamforming weight vector is obtained according to the minimum variance distortionless response criterion. Simulation results under four scenarios, including a static platform, small yaw jitter, yaw jitter with local scattering, and platform drift with IMU(inertial measurement unit)/calibration errors, show that the proposed method achieves better output SINR than Raw SMI, Raw Shrink, MC-SMI, MC-Shrink, and two covariance-reconstruction-based methods under varying input SNR, number of snapshots, and motion strength. The normalized beampattern results further verify that the proposed method preserves the mainlobe more accurately and forms deeper nulls in interference directions. Therefore, the proposed method can effectively alleviate the joint influence of snapshot nonstationarity, desired-signal leakage, and small-sample fluctuation, and is suitable for robust beamforming on mobile platforms.

         

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