基于多模态融合感知的农村场景无人机信道建模方法

      • 摘要: 实现精确的空对地信道建模对于无人机通信的可靠性和高容量传输至关重要。现有模型通常依赖于有限的场景假设,缺乏对传播环境的多模态感知和实时处理能力,从而限制了其在未知飞行轨迹下的泛化性能。为此,本文搭建了一个符合第三代合作伙伴计划(3rd generation partnership project, 3GPP) TR 38.901 标准的农村开阔通信场景,并在此基础上构建了包含航拍图像、深度信息及收发端参数的多模态数据集。基于该数据集,本文提出了一种多模态空间感知的毫米波信道冲激响应(channel impulse response, CIR)预测模型,可在复杂农村通信环境中预测多径功率与时延参数,并支持任意多径数量的灵活预测。实验结果表明,该模型在多种农村飞行轨迹下均表现出较高的预测精度与泛化能力。所提模型为开阔稀疏环境下的无人机空地信道建模提供了一种有效的数据驱动解决方案。

         

        Abstract: Accurate air-to-ground channel modeling in rural environments is essential for ensuring the reliability and high-capacity transmission of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communications. Existing models typically rely on limited environmental assumptions and lack multimodal perception of the propagation environment, which restricts their generalization capability under unknown flight trajectories. To address this issue, a rural communication scenario compliant with the 3GPP TR 38.901 standard is established, upon which a multimodal dataset comprising aerial images, depth information, and transceiver parameters is constructed. Based on this dataset, a multimodal spatial perception-based millimeter-wave channel CIR prediction model is proposed. The model is capable of predicting multipath power and delay parameters in complex rural environments and supports flexible prediction for an arbitrary number of multipath components. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves high prediction accuracy and strong generalization capability across various rural UAV flight trajectories. This study provides an effective data-driven solution for UAV air-to-ground channel modeling in sparse rural environments.

         

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