Abstract: The continuous development of the marine economy and the ongoing enhancement of marine digitalization have placed increasingly higher demands on marine communication capabilities with high stability, reliability, and wide coverage. Therefore, accurate ocean wireless channel modeling, as a critical theoretical foundation for communication system design and performance optimization, is of paramount importance. Based on extensive literature review and in-depth investigation of measured data, this paper presents a comprehensive review of measurement methods, propagation characteristics, and modeling advances for land-based maritime wireless channels. First, spanning from S-band to millimeter-wave frequencies, this paper comprehensively reviews field channel measurement campaigns in typical maritime communication scenarios including shore-to-ship, ship-to-ship, shore/ship-to-ocean infrastructure, air-to-sea, and evaporation duct channels. It systematically summarizes the technological evolution paths of mainstream channel measurement platforms and testing systems. Second, through in-depth analysis of key propagation mechanisms including sea surface reflection, scattering, and earth curvature effects, the paper reveals the large-scale and small-scale characteristics of ocean channels as dynamic time-varying systems. Building on this foundation, the paper provides comparative evaluation and applicability analysis of four categories of ocean channel modeling techniques: deterministic models, statistical models, hybrid models, and artificial intelligence-based methods. Finally, considering the challenges faced by current research, the paper outlines future research directions including channel modeling for 6G integrated terrestrial-aerial-marine networks, intelligent marine communication-sensing fusion, and multi-band, multi-link collaborative modeling based on long-term observations.