Abstract: We established a multipath multi-polarization propagation model for short-wave signals in ionosphere, based on which numerical simulations are carried out on the polarization states of short-wave transmissions from Wuhan, propagation in different layers and propagation in the same layer with high and low elevation angles, and the results show that: circularly-polarized waves have elliptical polarization of different degrees after exiting from the ionosphere, among which the ellipticalization in the F layer is more obvious when transmitting to the south, and the degree of ellipticalization varies greatly in the same E layer with different heights and low elevation angles. When the same E layer propagates, there is not much difference in the degree of ellipticization at different elevation angles. When transmitting to the west, the ellipticization of the E layer is more obvious; for the same E layer propagation, the degree of ellipticization is not much different at different elevation angles. The model provides a theoretical basis for single-station positioning and ionospheric detection using polarized antennas.