基于Transformer协同动态邻域调控遗传算法加速多层复合超材料吸波体设计

      Based on Transformer with dynamic neighborhood-regulated genetic algorithm accelerates design of Multilayer Composite Metamaterial Absorber

      • 摘要: 多层复合超材料吸波体(Multilayer Composite Metamaterial Absorber, MC-MMA)具有多级阻抗匹配特性,相较于单层MMA具有更宽的工作带宽,应用范围更加广泛,然而,MC-MMA结构参数众多,在结构设计过程中往往依赖耗时的电磁仿真计算,导致设计效率低下。为提升设计效率与精度,提出了一种嵌入频谱位置编码的Transformer网络(Frequency Positional Embedded Transformer, FPETNet)与动态邻域调控遗传算法(Dynamic Neighborhood-Regulated Genetic Algorithm, DNRGA)相结合的逆向设计方法—FPETNet-DNRGA。通过构建FPETNet模型实现MC-MMA电磁响应的快速正向预测,替代电磁仿真过程。DNRGA则在种群演化过程中自适应调整搜索邻域,有效平衡全局探索与局部开发能力。为验证所提方法的有效性,针对三类典型设计场景进行算法验证:宽频响应设计、超薄结构设计及厚度约束设计。实验结果表明,FPETNet-DNRGA将设计耗时缩短为电磁仿真设计耗时的0.05%,所生成的最优结构在2~18 GHz(S波段至Ku波段)频率范围内反射率均低于-10dB。与电磁仿真结果相比,平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)分别为4.42%、7.12%和4.75%,进一步证明了所提方法在设计效率和精度方面的显著优势。

         

        Abstract: Multilayer composite metamaterial absorber, has multi-level impedance matching characteristics. Compared with single-layer MMA, it has a wider operating bandwidth and a wider application range. However, MC-MMA has numerous structural parameters. In the process of structural design, time-consuming electromagnetic simulation calculations are often relied upon, resulting in low design efficiency. To improve both design efficiency and prediction accuracy, we propose an inverse de-sign method (FPETNet-DNRGA)which combines a Frequency Positional Embedded Transformer (FPETNet) with a Dynamic Neighborhood-Regulated Genetic Algorithm (DNRGA). FPETNet serves as a forward predictor for MC-MMA, rapidly and accurately replacing the electromagnetic simulation. DNRGA adaptively adjusts the search neighborhood during population evolution, markedly enhancing global convergence and avoiding local optima. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we conduct algorithmic tests in three representative design scenarios: broadband response design, ultra-thin structure design, and thick-ness-constrained design. Experimental results show that FPETNet-DNRGA reduces the design time to just 0.05% of that required by electromagnetic simulation, while the optimized structures exhibit reflectance below -10 dB across the 2~18 GHz (S-to Ku-band) frequency range. Compared with electromagnetic simulation, the mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) are 4.42%, 7.12%, and 4.75% for the three scenarios, respectively, further demonstrating the significant advantages of our method in both efficiency and accuracy.

         

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