基于多模态场景特征的城区V2V信道场景分类与建模

      Classification and modeling of urban V2V channel scenarios based on multimodal scenario features

      • 摘要: 传统的信道场景分类通常基于几何物理环境特征,而在城区车联网(vehicle-to-vehicle,V2V)信道环境中,不同信道场景之间因环境特征重叠导致区分困难,故第三代合作伙伴计划(3rd Generation Partnership Project,3GPP)在TR37.885报告中仅将其看作单一信道场景,这使得信道建模精度受限。为提高城区V2V信道场景分类与建模的可靠性与准确性,提出了一种基于多模态场景特征的信道场景分类与建模机制。首先构建多模态场景特征数据集,数据集包含基于三维地形图计算获得的几何物理环境特征,以及通过实测信道数据提取的信道特性特征,然后提出一种基于自适应参数调整的迭代自组织聚类算法(adaptive parameter adjustment iterative self-organizing data analysis techniques algorithm,APA-ISODATA)对场景特征数据集进行自适应聚类,最后依据场景分类结果构建对应场景信道模型。实验结果表明:相较于传统ISODATA算法,APA-ISODATA算法在轮廓系数、卡林斯基-哈拉巴兹指数(Calinski-Harabasz index,CHI)和戴维森堡丁指数(Davies-Bouldin index,DBI)等聚类有效性指标上分别提升约12.4%、11.1%和26%;所提场景分类方法突破了3GPP TR37.885报告中单一化城区V2V信道场景分类的局限性,将城区V2V信道场景细分为城市边缘、典型城区和城市峡谷三类,显著改善了传统场景分类方法因环境特征重叠导致的分类模糊问题。因此,所提方法可以有效提高信道场景分类与建模的可靠性与准确性。

         

        Abstract: Traditional channel scenario classification is usually based on geometric and physical environmental features. However, in urban vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) channel environments, different channel scenarios are difficult to distinguish due to overlapping environmental features. As a result, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) regards them as a single channel scenario in its TR37.885 report, which limits the accuracy of channel modeling. To improve the reliability and accuracy of channel scenario classification and modeling for urban V2V channels, this paper proposes a channel scenario classification and modeling mechanism based on multimodal scenario features. First, a multi-modal scenario feature dataset is constructed, including geometric and physical environmental features calculated from three-dimensional topographic maps, as well as channel characteristic features extracted from measured channel data. Then, an Adaptive Parameter Adjustment Iterative Self-organizing Data Analysis Techniques Algorithm (APA-ISODATA) is proposed to adaptively cluster the scenario feature dataset. Finally, corresponding channel models are built based on the scenario classification results. Experimental results show that compared with the traditional ISODATA algorithm, the APA-ISODATA algorithm improves clustering validity metrics such as silhouette coefficient, Calinski-Harabasz Index (CHI), and Davies-Bouldin Index (DBI) by approximately 12.4%, 11.1%, and 26%, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed scenario classification method overcomes the limitation of treating urban V2V channel scenarios as a single category, as defined in 3GPP TR37.885, and subdivides urban V2V channel scenarios into three distinct categories: urban edge, typical urban area, and urban canyon. This significantly mitigates the problem of classification ambiguity caused by overlapping environmental features in traditional methods. Based on this refined classification, three scenario-specific urban V2V channel model are established. Therefore, the proposed method can effectively enhance the reliability and accuracy of channel scenario classification and modeling.

         

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