可嵌入移动终端的双频圆极化卫星导航天线研究

      A dual-frequency circularly polarized satellite navigation antenna for embedding in mobile terminals

      • 摘要: 传统双频圆极化天线存在外置、介质负载重、尺寸大等特点,难以嵌入移动终端,而现今市场上移动终端的卫星导航天线,仍是线极化天线,无法满足人们对定位精度高标准的需求,为此本文提出一种可嵌入移动终端的双频圆极化卫星导航天线。该天线由L1频段和L5频段天线构成,两者均采用耦合馈电方式,馈电端与天线之间设置有U形缝隙,使得天线形成一个LC谐振器,通过调整缝隙宽度来控制电容大小,从而实现良好的阻抗匹配。此外,调整接地板的大小可以有效控制天线与馈电微带线之间的电流方向。其中,天线主要提供水平方向的电流,而馈电微带线则主要提供垂直方向的电流,这样可以显著提升天线的圆极化接收特性。实测结果显示,L1频段天线(Ant.2)和L5频段天线(Ant.1)在各自频段内的最大增益分别可达到3.34 dBic和3.66 dBic,轴比(axial ratios, AR)均小于3 dB。这些结果表明,该天线具备低成本、小型化的特点,在双频圆极化性能上具有良好的表现。

         

        Abstract: Traditional dual-frequency circularly polarized antennas have characteristics such as being external, heavy due to dielectric loading, and large in size, making them difficult to embed in mobile terminals. Currently, satellite navigation antennas in mobile terminals mostly use linear polarization, which fails to meet the high standards of positioning accuracy required by users. Therefore, this paper presents a dual-frequency circularly polarized satellite navigation antenna that can be embedded in mobile terminals. This antenna consists of L1 and L5 band antennas, both employing a coupled feeding method. A U-shaped slot is created between the feeding point and the antenna, allowing the antenna to function as an LC resonator. By adjusting the width of the slot, we can control the capacitance, thereby achieving good impedance matching. Additionally, adjusting the size of the ground plane effectively controls the current direction between the antenna and the feeding microstrip line. The antenna primarily provides horizontal current, while the feeding microstrip line mainly delivers vertical current, significantly enhancing the circular polarization reception characteristics of the antenna. Measured results show that the maximum gains for the L1 band antenna (Ant.2) and the L5 band antenna (Ant.1) reach 3.34 dBic and 3.66 dBic, respectively, with axial ratios (AR) less than 3 dB in their respective frequency bands. These results indicate that the antenna features low cost and compactness, while demonstrating excellent performance in dual-frequency circular polarization.

         

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