基于差分卷积和注意力机制的无线电地图构建方法研究

      A study on the methodology for constructing radio maps utilizing differential convolution and attention mechanisms

      • 摘要: 无线电地图(Radio Map, RM)描述了特定区域中的无线电信号空间场强分布和覆盖情况,有助于优化无线网络布局并提高频谱利用率。由于城市环境建筑物密集,无线电波传播复杂,如何构建高精度的RM是一个挑战。基于开源的复杂城市环境无线电传播仿真数据集,提出了一种基于普通卷积和差分卷积结合的卷积神经网络模型,用于从稀疏的无线电信号空间场强中构建精确的RM。模型中差分卷积用于提取无线电传播的高频信息,而普通卷积则提供全局的特征表示。通过引入内容引导注意力机制,使模型能够聚焦于每个通道中的关键区域,从而提高了地图的估计精度。实验结果表明,所提出方法在RM构建精度上优于现有基准方法,均方根误差平均降低了13%,并且在噪声环境下表现出更强的鲁棒性。该方法在城市建筑物密集环境中构建了高准确性和稳定性的RM,对于无线网络优化和无线电监管具有潜在的应用价值。

         

        Abstract: The Radio Map (RM) describes the spatial field distribution and coverage of radio signals in a specific area, which helps optimize the layout of wireless networks and improve the utilization of the spectrum. Since radio wave propagation is complex in densely built urban environments, building high-precision radio maps is a challenge. A convolutional neural network (CNN) model based on the open-source complex urban environment radio propagation simulation dataset is proposed. It combines the use of vanilla convolution and differential convolution to construct an accurate radio maps from sparse spatial field strength of radio signals. The differential convolution is used to extract high-frequency information of radio propagation, while the vanilla convolution provides a global feature representation. Furthermore, a content-guided attention mechanism is introduced to enable the model to focus on the key areas of each channel, thereby improving the accuracy of the map estimation. Experimental results show that the proposed method has a higher accuracy and stability in radio map construction than the existing baseline methods, with an average RMSE reduction of 13%. It also shows stronger robustness in noisy environments. This method has built high-accuracy and stable radio maps in urban environments with dense buildings, which has potential application value for wireless network optimization and radio regulation.

         

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