Abstract: In order to solve the problems of high measurement cost and many uncontrollable interference factors in the accuracy evaluation of time difference of arrival (TDOA) localization method by measurement, a method of evaluating the accuracy of a TDOA localization system based on multi-link channel propagation graph theory is proposed. In this paper, we use the propagation graph theory to generate different channel impulse responses, and ultilize software-defined radio devices to generate channel-distorted radio frequency signals as inputs to multiple TDOA sensors and construct a novel TDOA localization evaluation method. In order to verify the accuracy of the TDOA technology effectively, we simulate the method in 4 typical scenarios. It is the first time that a complex scenario is simulated using multi-channel radio frequency signal to test the localization accuracy of the TDOA system. The simulation result shows that when the signal bandwidth is not smaller than 200 kHz, the multi-link localization system based on graph modeling shows good and stable performance. Moreover, graph modeling method with diffraction model embedded enhances the accuracy of performance simulation for the TDOA system, particularly in the non-line-of-sight scenarios.