Abstract: Based on the energy equation and continuity equation of electrons, a physical model of oblique heating the lower ionosphere by powerful HF waves is developed. We use this model to calculate the change of the electron temperature and density after heating, and compare the disturbance amplitude at different heating conditions. The results are as follows. Firstly, the terrestrial ionospheric plasma can be heated by powerful ground-based high-frequency radio waves, which can result in the distinct disturbance of the electron temperature and density. Compared with the vertical heating case, the oblique heating needs more power to reach the same disturbance amplitude.Secondly, under the same conditions, the higher radio frequency, the less disturbance of electron temperature; and the temperature disturbance by X mode wave heating is larger than O mode wave heating, that is, X mode wave is more likely to be absorbed in the lower ionosphere. Thirdly, the larger elevation angel, the greater disturbance of electron temperature is caused, and the temperature disturbance amplitude can reach up to 45% by vertical heating, while about 18% by 45°oblique heating.