Abstract: Based on the theory of Rayleigh scattering and Mie scattering,the scattering,extinction,transmission and other laser atmospheric transmission characteristics at 355 nm,2 μm,10 μm are simulated and compared by using the existing moderate spectral resolution atmospheric transmittance model (MODTRAN)and reference model atmosphere(RMA)data.At the same time,the return signals of spectral distribution for Rayleigh and Mie at 355 nm are analyzed, and its spectrum at different heights is simulated by using Gaussian function.The results show that compared to 2 μm,10 μm,the atmospheric scattering characteristics of 355 nm is the best,and the 355 nm laser reduces severely when transmitting in the atmosphere,so it applies to the clear sky,and the low layer is mainly Mie signal,and the high layer is mainly Rayleigh signal for the Doppler wind lidar at that wavelength,and considering various factors,355nm is chosen as the operating wavelength of the spaceborne Doppler wind lidar.