Abstract: Acoustic wave fluctuation technology can affect the atmospheric refractive index structure constant, and cause atmospheric turbulence effect. In this paper, based on the acoustic wave equation and the "2/3 law" of the Kolmogorov turbulence model, the numerical relationship between the acoustic power and the atmospheric refractive index structure constant is derived. The effect of wavelength, temperature, and pressure on the atmosphere refractive index are analyzed. The results show that the change of pressure has the greatest influence on the atmosphere refractive index, followed by temperature, and finally wavelength. Under the standard atmospheric pressure, when the light wavelength is 0.65 μm, and the acoustic wave fluctuation power is less than 30 kW, the atmospheric refractive index structure constant of about 1 m from the sound source fluctuates up and down in the range of 10^-17, which belongs to the weak atmospheric turbulence effect. It is verified that the acoustic wave fluctuation can generate turbulence and cause turbulence effects.