Abstract: In order to solve the problem of signal propagation path loss model and reduce the error of received signal strength indication(RSSI) distance measurement, we propose a RSSI ranging method based on back propagation(BP) neural network model. Firstly, we research and analyze the error model and the traditional ranging signal propagation path loss. Secondly, using BP neural network, we propose a new path loss model, which is applied to RSSI ranging, and then carry out research on RSSI location method based on BP neural network model. Finally, the method of distance measurement is verified by experiment and MATLAB simulation. The simulation results show that the RSSI ranging error of the BP neural network model is smaller than that of the traditional signal propagation path loss model RSSI.