Abstract: Aimed at the requirements of centimeter level high-precision ranging correction in the S/Ka frequency band of high orbit satellites, a high precision correction system for atmospheric refraction error is designed. The system mainly improves the detection accuracy of the tropospheric environment through the weak microwave radiation signal receiving technology based on the microwave radiometer, self-calibration technology, wet delay model and refractive index model construction, and improves the detection accuracy of the ionospheric environment through the research based on GNSS hardware delay estimation technology, which improving the correction accuracy of atmospheric refraction error. The analysis of the test data in five typical climate regions such as Qingdao, Haikou, Kunming, Lhasa and Manzhouli in China shows that the root mean square deviation of tropospheric refractive index error is about 3.64 N unit, and the larger regions are Haikou and Qingdao, which are 6.3 N unit and 5.2 N unit respectively. The refractive index error distinction at different times during the test is large, which implies the obvious characteristics of climate change in coastal areas in time and space. The average value of ionospheric vertical total electron content (VTEC) is 1.19 TECU, and the larger areas are Kunming and Haikou, which are 1.4 TECU and 1.92 TECU respectively, implying the characteristics of relatively violent ionospheric changes in low latitude areas. The test contents and results are representative and can provide support for the construction of high-precision orbit determination system for high orbit satellites.