Abstract: In order to improve the anti-jamming capability of wireless communication and cope with interference attacks with more diverse jamming patterns, this paper proposes an index modulation based frequency hopping spread spectrum (IM-FHSS) method assisted with jamming cognition. In this method, the legitimate transmitter uses the interrelationship among the frequency point of recognized jamming signal, the active frequency point and the idle frequency point, to select “exploit jamming”, “counteract jamming” or “no measures required” three kinds of strategies. Compared with the traditional index modulation based frequency hopping spread spectrum method, it is a more flexible and effective anti-jamming method. In addition, this paper derives an approximate closed-form expression for the bit error rate of the jamming cognition assisted IM-FHSS method. The simulation results show that the derived theoretical analysis fits well with the simulation results, which demonstrates the accuracy of the theoretical analysis. Moreover, the proposed method can effectively improve the bit error rate performance compared with the conventional IM-FHSS method, which effectively improves the anti-jamming capacity of the system.