Abstract: Electromagnetic metamaterials and metasurfaces are hotspots and frontiers in the fields of physics, information and materials, which bring many novel physical phenomena and breakthrough applications. As an emerging research direction in recent years, information metasurfaces use the method of digital coding to manipulate electromagnetic waves, and build a bridge from the physical world to the digital world. This article first comprehensively summarizes the origin and development history of electromagnetic metamaterials and metasurfaces; Secondly, it focuses on the development status of tunable metasurfaces, reconfigurable metasurfaces, space-time-modulated metasurfaces and meta-devices; Subsequently, the basic concepts and main applications of programmable information metasurfaces are discussed. The challenges and future prospects of information metasurfaces are discussed. Finally, the development trends of electromagnetic metasurfaces and information metasurfaces are briefly summarized.