Calculation and its affecting factors of intracloud lightning electromagnetic field during the recoil streamer process

Aiming at the issue of electromagnetic radiation from the recoil streamer of intracloud lightning discharge, a three-dimensional model for lightning electromagnetic field calculation during the recoil streamer process is presented based on the dipole method. Effects of the observation azimuth angle, recoil streamer propagation speed, and tortuosity of channel on lightning electromagnetic field are analyzed. The results show that with the exception of on-ground electric field within the intermediate zone, the bigger the observation azimuth angle is, the smaller the on-ground electromagnetic field of the oblique channel will be. The larger the propagation speed of recoil streamer, the bigger the on-ground electromagnetic field and the narrower the pulse-width of them. The tortuosity of lightning channel can result in some fluctuation in the lightning electromagnetic field waveform. However, for the channel with random tortuosity along an oblique channel, the main trend of its on-ground electromagnetic field waveforms are basically consistent with that of the oblique channel.