Modeling of SAR satellite interference with ground-based radar in multiple imaging modes

With the widespread deployment and ongoing technological advancement of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellites, interference to ground-based radar systems has become increasingly significant and has emerged as a major research concern. This paper incorporates the geometric relationship between the satellite and the ground radar, satellite imaging strategies, and radio wave propagation models to establish a satellite-ground interference simulation framework. A modeling method for ground-based radar interference under multiple satellite imaging modes is proposed, incorporating the Monte Carlo approach to model and analyze the interference process. Taking interference between a SAR satellite and a ground-based weather radar as a case study, simulations are conducted for both Spotlight and Strip modes to interference behavior. The results show that the proposed method enables full-chain dynamic interference modeling with adjustable beam pointing. In Spotlight mode, when the spotlight beam is focused on a point near the weather radar station, the interference level can increase by up to 40 dB compared with Strip mode, indicating a significantly stronger interference effect. The proposed modeling approach provides a high-fidelity interference modeling method for SAR scanning strategy optimization as well as compatibility and coexistence analysis between satellite SAR systems and ground-based radars.