基于2比特结构的时间调制模块小型化设计

李子恒; 高彦昌; 陈靖峰; 贺冲; 梁仙灵; 金荣洪

doi:10.12265/j.cjors.2021316

基于2比特结构的时间调制模块小型化设计

doi: 10.12265/j.cjors.2021316

上海交通大学电子工程系, 上海 200240

基金项目: 国家自然科学青年基金（62001291）

详细信息

作者简介:
李子恒 (1996—)，男，江西人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为微波与射频电路、时间调制电路、有源电路

高彦昌 (1996—)，男，山东人，博士研究生，主要研究方向为时间调制阵列、微带电路等

陈靖峰 (1986—)，男，江苏人，上海交通大学电子工程系博士后，工学博士，主要研究方向为阵列信号处理、无线电测向定位和电子对抗等

金荣洪 (1963—)，男，江苏人，教授、博士生导师，IEEE Fellow,主要研究方向为现代天线技术、电磁计算方法、阵列信号处理、微波集成电路及相控阵天线等

通讯作者:
金荣洪 E-mail: rhjin@sjtu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TN819.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-26
- 录用日期: 2022-01-24
- 网络出版日期: 2022-01-24

The miniaturized design of time module based on 2-bit structure

Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

摘要

摘要: 针对时间调制阵列中调制模块的小型化问题，采用多层板结构，将模块中开关的谐振单元和偏置电路以及射频信号电路放置在不同层，并通过类同轴耦合线和缺陷地等不同的技术措施结合，解决不同射频通道之间的幅相不平衡以及谐振等问题，在实现小型化的同时兼顾了电性能. 据此设计了2比特结构的时间调制模块，该模块工作频段为14.2～16.4 GHz，尺寸为1.2λ×0.96λ@15.3 GHz，相邻状态相移为90±5°，幅度差±0.5 dB. 在载波频率为15.3 GHz、调制频率为1 MHz时可达到34 dB谐波抑制，最大信号带宽则可达200 MHz，验证了本文设计方法的有效性.
- 小型化 /
- 时间调制模块 /
- 二比特结构 /
- 缺陷地 /
- 谐波抑制
Abstract: Aiming at the miniaturization of the module in the time-modulated array, the multi-layer structure is adopted. Different parts such as the resonant unit, the bias circuit of the switch and the RF signal circuit are placed on different layers in the module. By using several structures such as coaxial-like coupling line and defective ground, the imbalance problems of amplitude and phase between different branches and resonance phenomena in the module are improved. A time-modulated module with a miniaturized 2-bit structure is designed, which is operating between 14.2 and 16.4 GHz and the size is 1.2λ×0.96λ at15.3GHz with a phase shift within 90±5° and an amplitude difference within ±0.5 dB between adjacent state. The module has achieved the harmonic suppression of 34 dB at modulation frequency of 1 MHz and the maximum signal bandwidth of 200 MHz. Thus a 2-bit time-modulated module is miniaturized with good performances.
- time-modulated module /
- miniaturization /
- 2-bit structure /
- defective grounding structure /
- Harmonic suppression

HTML全文

图 1 2比特时间调制原理图

Fig. 1 2-bit time modulation principle diagram

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图 2 调制模块结构

Fig. 2 Modulation module structure

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图 3 SPDT结构图

Fig. 3 Structure of SPDT

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图 4 SPDT仿真结果

Fig. 4 Simulation results of SPDT

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图 5 终端短路的耦合微带线及其等效电路

Fig. 5 The coupled microstrip line with short-circuit terminals and its equivalent circuit

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图 6 180°移相器结构对比

(a) 本文的 (b) 传统的

Fig. 6 Comparison of 180° phase shifter structure

(a) Proposed (b) Traditional

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图 7 180°移相器仿真结果对比

Fig. 7 Simulation results of 180° phase shifter

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图 8 90°移相器

Fig. 8 90° phase shifter

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图 9 90°移相器仿真结果

Fig. 9 Simulation results of 90° phase shifter

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图 10 模块实物图

Fig. 10 The physical diagram of the module

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图 11 S参数测量场景

Fig. 11 S-parameter measurement scenario

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图 12 四种状态的S₁₁与S₂₁测试结果

Fig. 12 S₁₁ and S₂₁ test results of four states

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图 13 相邻状态的幅相平衡度测试结果

Fig. 13 Amplitude and phase balance test results between adjacent states

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图 14 调制频谱测试结果@15.3 GHz

Fig. 14 Modulation spectrum test result @ 15.3 GHz

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表 1 关键参数取值

Tab. 1 Values of key parameters mm

参数	取值	参数	取值	参数	取值
L₁	2.8	L₁₁	2.4	W₈	0.3
L₂	2.48	L₁₂	2.6	W₉	0.2
L₃	2.7	W_m	0.52	W₁₀	0.1
L₄	2.6	W₁	0.2	W₁₁	1
L₅	1.4	W₂	0.2	W₁₂	1.2
L₆	2.7	W₃	0.1	R₁	0.15
L₇	1.5	W₄	0.8	R₂	2.7
L₈	2.27	W₅	1.2	G₁	0.1
L₉	2.7	W₆	0.1	G₂	0.13
L₁₀	2.45	W₇	0.46

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表 2 不同调制模块的性能比较

Tab. 2 Performance comparison of different modules

文献	载波频率/GHz	是否集成	电尺寸（以载波频率计算导波波长）	典型调制频率下的谐波抑制	最大信号带宽 /MHz(最大调制频率时)*
[7]	2.50	否	N/A	N/A	<5
[8]	2.00	是	约1.76λ×0.8λ	32 dB@0.1 MHz	<16
[9]	2.00	是	约1.7λ×0.8λ	30 dB@0.1 MHz	<10
[10]	1.16	否	N/A	21 dB@1/640 MHz	<20
[11]	10.0	是	0.95λ×0.85λ	28 dB@10 MHz	<40
本文	15.3	是	1.2λ×0.96λ	34 dB@1 MHz	200
注：*表示最大调制带宽.本文为实测，其余文献为根据采用器件和结构的理论值

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