Electrical characteristics of the new dual radiator antenna in Ku band
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摘要: 为满足水下航行器在复杂海况中接收来自海面高速数据对天线的需求，文中提出了一种Ku波段双辐射体天线的设计方案. 首先在半波振子天线的正交方向添加寄生辐射体，在限定天线线径比的情况下利用寄生辐射体改善天线在复杂海况中的全向性，通过计算天线的寄生辐射体之间的间距衔接天线不同辐射体之间的电流分布；然后对天线振子上的电流分布进行近似推导，得到新型双辐射体天线的具体结构参数；最后通过电磁仿真计算，得出天线的电气特性，并进行实物测量和对比. 仿真和测量结果表明，新型双辐射体天线在复杂海况造成的全部运动姿态中，水下反射系数小于0.45，水下增益高于−40 dBi，在所处水平面之上呈现全向性，实测结果与仿真结果具有较好的一致性. 该天线具有线径比大、全向、水下增益较高的特点，性能受不同运动姿态的影响较小，为水下航行器的高频拖曳天线提供了一种新颖的天线结构.Abstract: To meet the demand of antenna for underwater vehicle receiving high-speed data from sea surface in complex sea conditions, a design scheme of Ku band dual radiator antenna is proposed. The parasitic radiator is added in the orthogonal direction of the half-wave dipole antenna. Under the condition of limited antenna wire-to-diameter ratio, the parasitic radiator is used to improve the omni-directional performance of the antenna in complex sea conditions. By adjusting the spacing between the parasitic radiators of the antenna, the current distribution between different radiators of the antenna is connected. Through the approximate derivation of the current distribution on the oscillator, the specific structural parameters of the new dual radiator antenna are obtained, and the electrical characteristics of the new dual radiator antenna, such as the far field and direction pattern, are obtained. Through the electromagnetic simulation calculation, the electrical characteristics of the antenna are verified, and the actual measurement and comparison are made. The simulation and measurement results show that the underwater reflection coefficient of the new dual radiator antenna is less than 0.45 and the underwater gain is higher than −40 dBi in complex sea conditions, showing omni-directional above the horizontal plane. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulation results. The antenna has the characteristics of large wire-diameter ratio, omnidirectional and high underwater gain, which provides a novel antenna structure for the high frequency trailing antenna of underwater vehicle.
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Key words:
- underwater communication /
- Ku-band /
- dual radiator /
- trailing antenna /
- complex sea condition
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图 1 水下航行器的Ku频段拖曳天线系统示意图
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the Ku band trailing antenna system of the underwater vehicle
图 4 分层电磁模型中的新型双辐射体天线
Fig. 4 The dual-radiator antenna in a layered electromagnetic model
图 5 拖曳线缆在复杂海况中的倾斜、旋转范围
Fig. 5 Range of tilt and rotation of the towed cable in complex sea conditions
图 6 电磁波在跨空气-海水平面的传播方向
Fig. 6 The direction of electromagnetic wave propagation across the air-sea plane
图 7 新型双辐射体天线不同姿态时的立体方向图与增益
Fig. 7 Stereo directivity diagram and gain of a new dual radiator antenna with different postures
图 8 新型双辐射体天线在水下处于不同姿态时的增益展开表面图
Fig. 8 The surface view of the expanded gain of the new dual radiator antenna underwater
图 9 不同倾斜角度下的新型双辐射体天线和半波振子天线方向图对比
Fig. 9 Directivity diagram comparison of the new dual radiator antenna and the half wave dipole antenna at different tilt angles
图 10 不同旋转角度下的新型双辐射体天线方向图
Fig. 10 Directivity diagram of new dual radiator antenna with different rotation angles
图 11 新型双辐射体天线和半波振子天线在水下的反射系数对比
Fig. 11 Comparison of reflection coefficients between the new dual radiator antenna and the half-wave dipole antenna under water
图 12 天线全向性缩比模型测试平台的结构
Fig. 12 The structure of the omnidirectional shrinkage model test platform
图 13 Ku波段新型双辐射体天线的模型(k=0.1)
Fig. 13 The model of the new dual-radiator antenna at Ku band(k =0.1)
表 1 部分盐水浓度与对应电导率的关系
Tab. 1 The relationship between the concentration of partial brine and the corresponding conductivity
盐水浓度/% 电导率/(S·m−1) 0.21 0.4 0.43 0.8 1.15 2.0 2.38 4.0 
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表 2 原型天线和缩比模型间对应关键参数的缩比关系
Tab. 2 Scaling relationships of the key parameters between prototype antenna, environment and scale model
物理量 原型天线 缩比模型 长度 l l'=l/k 相对介电常数 ε ε'=ε 电导率 σ σ'=kσ 频率 f f'=kf 波长 λ λ'=λ/k 增益 G G'=G
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表 3 缩比模型测试平台中天线全向性测试结果
Tab. 3 Antenna omnidirectional test results in the scale model test platform
dBmv 水平 A B 竖直 A B 1 5.8 4.7 1 1.2 0.6 2 5.9 5.1 2 1.3 0.7 3 6.0 5.4 3 1.7 0.7 4 5.8 5.0 4 1.4 0.5 5 5.5 5.1 5 0.9 0.4 6 6.0 5.2 6 1.4 0.9 7 6.0 5.3 7 1.9 0.5 8 5.8 5.3 8 1.5 0.3 9 6.3 5.8 9 2.1 0.8 10 7.2 6.1 10 3.6 −2.6 11 6.1 5.9 11 2.8 0.3
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