相控阵有源阵列等效噪声模型建模与应用研究

      Research on modeling and application of equivalent noise model for active phased array antennas

      • 摘要: 有源相控阵天线G/T值是决定雷达与通信系统接收灵敏度、作用距离的关键技术指标,工程上亟需建立适用于通道失效、幅度加权等非理想工况的阵面噪声系数(noise figure, NF)精确预算方法。本文结合威尔金森功合网络的散射矩阵特性与信号相关性机理,建立了有源阵面接收链路等效NF模型;系统分析了不等比功合网络固有损耗特性、有源通道失效及幅度加权对阵面NF的恶化规律,可为相控阵天线接收链路优化设计和G/T值精确预算提供理论支撑。基于该模型研制了一款包含1 840个波导辐射缝隙单元、集成96路独立有源收发通道的Ka频段相控阵天线射频前端;并完成了天线系统方向图与G/T值暗室测试,验证了噪声模型的有效性与工程精度,可为相控阵G/T预算与指标优化提供依据。

         

        Abstract: The G/T value of active phased array antenna is a key figure that determines the sensitivity and operating range of radar and communication systems. In engineering practice, there is an urgent need to establish an accurate noise figure budgeting method applicable to non-ideal conditions such as channel failure and amplitude weighting. In this paper, by combining the scattering matrix characteristics of the Wilkinson power-combining network and the signal correlation mechanism, an equivalent noise figure model for the receiver of an active array is established. The degradation of the array noise figure caused by the inherent loss of unequal-ratio power-combining networks, active channel failure, and amplitude weighting are systematically analyzed, providing theoretical support for the optimal design of phased array receiver and the accurate budgeting of the G/T value. Based on this model, a Ka-band phased array antenna RF frontend was developed, comprising 1,840 waveguide radiating slot elements and integrating 96 independent active T/R channels. Anechoic chamber measurements of the antenna system radiation pattern and G/T value were completed, validating the effectiveness and engineering accuracy of the noise model, and providing a basis for G/T budgeting and performance optimization of phased arrays.

         

      /

      返回文章
      返回